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A optical fiber cable with a clear jacket. These cables are used mainly for digital audio connections between devices.A fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an, but containing one or more that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. Different types of cable are used for different applications, for example, long distance, or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building. A multi-fiber cableOptical fiber consists of a and a layer, selected for due to the difference in the between the two.

1. Fiber Patch Cable Lengths

In practical fibers, the cladding is usually coated with a layer of. This coating protects the fiber from damage but does not contribute to its properties. Individual coated fibers (or fibers formed into ribbons or bundles) then have a tough layer or core tube(s) extruded around them to form the cable core. Several layers of protective sheathing, depending on the application, are added to form the cable. Rigid fiber assemblies sometimes put light-absorbing ('dark') glass between the fibers, to prevent light that leaks out of one fiber from entering another. This reduces between the fibers, or reduces in fiber bundle imaging applications.

An optical fiber breakout cableFor use in more strenuous environments, a much more robust cable construction is required. In loose-tube construction the fiber is laid into semi-rigid tubes, allowing the cable to stretch without stretching the fiber itself.

This protects the fiber from tension during laying and due to temperature changes. Loose-tube fiber may be 'dry block' or gel-filled. Dry block offers less protection to the fibers than gel-filled, but costs considerably less. Instead of a loose tube, the fiber may be embedded in a heavy polymer jacket, commonly called 'tight buffer' construction. Tight buffer cables are offered for a variety of applications, but the two most common are ' and '. Breakout cables normally contain a ripcord, two non-conductive dielectric strengthening members (normally a glass rod epoxy), an aramid yarn, and 3 mm buffer tubing with an additional layer of Kevlar surrounding each fiber. The ripcord is a parallel cord of strong yarn that is situated under the jacket(s) of the cable for jacket removal.

Distribution cables have an overall Kevlar wrapping, a ripcord, and a 900 micrometer buffer coating surrounding each fiber. These fiber units are commonly bundled with additional steel strength members, again with a helical twist to allow for stretching.A critical concern in outdoor cabling is to protect the fiber from contamination by water. This is accomplished by use of solid barriers such as copper tubes, and water-repellent jelly or water-absorbing powder surrounding the fiber.Finally, the cable may be armored to protect it from environmental hazards, such as construction work or gnawing animals. This section needs expansion. You can help. ( June 2008).

OFC: Optical fiber, conductive. OFN: Optical fiber, nonconductive. OFCG: Optical fiber, conductive, general use. OFNG: Optical fiber, nonconductive, general use. OFCP: Optical fiber, conductive, plenum. OFNP: Optical fiber, nonconductive, plenum. OFCR: Optical fiber, conductive, riser.

OFNR:. OPGW:. ADSS:. OSP: Fiber optic cable, outside plant. MDU: Fiber optics cable, multiple dwelling unitJacket material The jacket material is application-specific. The material determines the mechanical robustness, chemical and UV radiation resistance, and so on.

Some common jacket materials are, and.Fiber material There are two main types of material used for optical fibers: glass and plastic. They offer widely different characteristics and find uses in very different applications.

Generally, is used for very short-range and consumer applications, whereas glass fiber is used for short/medium-range and long-range telecommunications. Color coding Patch cords The buffer or jacket on patchcords is often color-coded to indicate the type of fiber used. The strain relief 'boot' that protects the fiber from bending at a connector is color-coded to indicate the type of connection. Connectors with a plastic shell (such as ) typically use a color-coded shell. Blue.

Orange. Green. Red. Grey. Yellow. Brown.

Violet. Black. White. Pink. TurquoiseEach element is in a tube within the cable (not a blown fibre tube) The cable elements start with the red tube and are counted around the cable to the green tube. Active elements are in white tubes and yellow fillers or dummies are laid in the cable to fill it out depending on how many fibres and units exists – can be up to 276 fibres or 23 elements for external cable and 144 fibres or 12 elements for internal. The cable has a central strength member normally made from fiberglass or plastic.

There is also a copper conductor in external cables.Propagation speed and delay Optical cables transfer data at the in glass. This is the speed of light in vacuum divided by the of the glass used, typically around 180,000 to 200,000 km/s, resulting in 5.0 to 5.5 microseconds of latency per km.

Thus the round-trip delay time for 1000 km is around 11 milliseconds. This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please to, without removing the technical details. ( April 2012) Typical modern multimode graded-index fibers have 3 dB/km of attenuation loss (50% loss per km) at a wavelength of 850 nm, and 1 dB/km at 1300 nm. Singlemode loses 0.35 dB/km at 1310 nm and 0.25 dB/km at 1550 nm.

Very high quality singlemode fiber intended for long distance applications is specified at a loss of 0.19 dB/km at 1550 nm. POF loses much more: 1 dB/m at 650 nm. Plastic optical fiber is large core (about 1 mm) fiber suitable only for short, low speed networks such as within cars.Each connection made adds about 0.6 dB of average loss, and each joint (splice) adds about 0.1 dB. Depending on the transmitter power and the sensitivity of the receiver, if the total loss is too large the link will not function reliably.Invisible infrared light is used in commercial glass fiber communications because it has lower attenuation in such materials than visible light. However, the glass fibers will transmit visible light somewhat, which is convenient for simple testing of the fibers without requiring expensive equipment. Splices can be inspected visually, and adjusted for minimal light leakage at the joint, which maximizes light transmission between the ends of the fibers being joined.The charts at 'Understanding wavelengths In fiber optics' and 'Optical power loss (attenuation) in fiber' illustrate the relationship of visible light to the infrared frequencies used, and show the absorption water bands between 850, 1300 and 1550 nm.Safety The infrared light used in telecommunications cannot be seen, so there is a potential hazard to technicians.

The eye's natural defense against sudden exposure to bright light is the, which is not triggered by infrared sources. In some cases the power levels are high enough to damage eyes, particularly when lenses or microscopes are used to inspect fibers that are emitting invisible infrared light. Inspection microscopes with optical safety filters are available to guard against this.

More recently indirect viewing aids are used, which can comprise a camera mounted within a handheld device, which has an opening for the connectorized fiber and a USB output for connection to a display device such as a laptop. This makes the activity of looking for damage or dirt on the connector face much safer.Small glass fragments can also be a problem if they get under someone's skin, so care is needed to ensure that fragments produced when fiber are properly collected and disposed of appropriately.Hybrid cables There are hybrid optical and electrical cables that are used in wireless outdoor Fiber To The Antenna (FTTA) applications.

In these cables, the optical fibers carry information, and the electrical conductors are used to transmit power. These cables can be placed in several environments to serve antennas mounted on poles, towers, and other structures.According to Generic Requirements for Hybrid Optical and Electrical Cables for Use in Wireless Outdoor Fiber To The Antenna (FTTA) Applications, these hybrid cables have optical fibers, twisted pair/quad elements, coaxial cables or current-carrying electrical conductors under a common outer jacket.

The power conductors used in these hybrid cables are for directly powering an antenna or for powering tower-mounted electronics exclusively serving an antenna. They have a nominal voltage normally less than 60 VDC or 108/120 VAC. Other voltages may be present depending on the application and the relevant National Electrical Code (NEC).These types of hybrid cables may also be useful in other environments such as Distributed Antenna System (DAS) plants where they will serve antennas in indoor, outdoor, and roof-top locations.

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If you have downloaded this document and are viewing it in Microsoft Word, place your mouse over the page you would like to view, hold the control key and simultaneously press the left mouse button. Each of the page numbers is also hyperlinked to its corresponding section within the document for viewing electronically. To return to the table of contents without scrolling back to the top of the document use the hyperlink in the footer of this document or, ensure the web toolbar is open on your desktop then click the blue back button (arrow pointing to the left). Download amedd lthet programs 2018.

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The FOA Reference Guide To Fiber Optics.

Fiber Patch Cable Lengths

Black Box has partnered with Synnex to fulfill all Black Box GSA product orders. Black Box products are now available on Synnex GSA schedule GS-35F-1043-R.Orders or Quotes - If you already know which specific Black Box products you need you can contact Synnex directly to request a quote or place an order by calling 877-230-5680 or emailTechnical Support or Product Selection - If you need technical and design support or help with product selection, Black Box will continue to assist you. Please contact us at 877-877-2269. Color-Code Fiber NetworksBlack Box colored fiber patch cables come in 12 standard colors and are ideal for color-coding applications, users, security levels and more from the data center to the desktop.

With more than 23,000 part numbers, choose from the largest selection of colored patch cables in the industry. Use the left hand navigation to select the right cable for your networking application.Choose from:. OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4 and OS2 glass types. 10 connector combinations. 12 standard colors. 13 lengths.

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